Publications

Journal Article

Green Hydrogen Pathways, Energy Efficiencies, and Intensities for Ground, Air, and Marine Transportation

authors

T. J. Wallington, M. Woody, G. M. Lewis, G. A. Keoleian, E. J. Adler, , and R. R. A. M. Joaquim

journal

Joule, 8(8), 2024

doi

/10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.012

PDF 
@article{Wallington2024,
  author = {Wallington, Timothy J. and Woody, Maxwell and Lewis, Geoffrey M. and Keoleian, Gregory A. and Adler, Eytan J. and and Joaquim R. R. A. Martins},
  doi = {/10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.012},
  journal = {Joule},
  month = aug,
  number = {8},
  pdfurl = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joaquim-Martins-4/publication/382959346_Green_hydrogen_pathways_energy_efficiencies_and_intensities_for_ground_air_and_marine_transportation/links/66d31651fa5e11512c431e41/Green-hydrogen-pathways-energy-efficiencies-and-intensities-for-ground-air-and-marine-transportation.pdf?origin=publicationDetail&_sg%5B0%5D=bhjz_ImKfIXwcxaPlre3ge08S7xZ2PwVDS_mdfixRs_hlSa9rweubXnMFbz2_LhaImdKUFmJIQmor-808kKKpw.ox_FHi8c3DXPxZ3ddWiEJ3g78g5yw6FjQ1-U4wRiRQMKuPLaYDeyi7k-YIYq7anVfdROdbGlaDS_hfVMafmmyw&_sg%5B1%5D=rqfRGIGVqkABRo_0XUkzD7f9LP9RGyO14fQmI3tVgJZQW5PTF62WrjEhar84OznNow4myPy9znu1EIkf-9cR2BekEN4ygoScDKKX-MsLfUz9.ox_FHi8c3DXPxZ3ddWiEJ3g78g5yw6FjQ1-U4wRiRQMKuPLaYDeyi7k-YIYq7anVfdROdbGlaDS_hfVMafmmyw&_iepl=&_rtd=eyJjb250ZW50SW50ZW50IjoibWFpbkl0ZW0ifQ%3D%3D&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGljYXRpb24iLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6InBhZ2VIZWFkZXIifX0},
  title = {Green Hydrogen Pathways, Energy Efficiencies, and Intensities for Ground, Air, and Marine Transportation},
  volume = {8},
  year = {2024}
}
Google Scholar

Green hydrogen produced by electrolysis with renewable electricity can be used directly or in synthetic fuels (e-fuels) to decarbonize road, rail, marine, and air transportation. System inefficiencies during hydrogen or e-fuel production, storage, transportation, dispensing, and use lead to approximately 80-90% loss of the initial electrical energy input. Electric-powered ground, marine, and air transport is approximately 3-8 times more energy efficient than hydrogen alternatives. Renewable electricity sources in the U.S. are insufficient to support hydrogen production for light-duty vehicles. Green hydrogen should be used strategically in heavy-duty road, rail, aviation, and marine transportation where electrification alternatives are constrained by load and range. Energy intensity for hydrogen transport measured by renewable electricity per unit of service follows current trends for petroleum-fueled transport. For freight, ships and rail are the least intensive modes followed by heavy duty trucks, then aircraft: 0.04, 0.2, 2, and 20 MJ per t-km, respectively.